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罗马书 第8章:谁能使我们与基督的爱隔绝呢?

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《罗马书》 大约写于公元55年至57年之间,被认为是保罗在教义阐述上最为完整的一封书信。在写这封书信时,罗马的基督徒群体正面临着来自罗马皇帝的外部逼迫,以及犹太基督徒与外邦基督徒之间的内部纷争。因此,保罗渴望前往罗马坚固他们的信仰(罗马书1:13-15)。

在保罗的时代,罗马是一个人口达一百万的主要城市和政治中心,皇帝和元老院均驻于此。居民包括奴隶、被释放的奴隶、罗马公民,以及军政贵族。该城市的大多数人信奉多神教,受希腊神话影响,崇拜神祇、半神以及罗马皇帝。在犹太教与基督教出现之前,只要人们愿意把皇帝列入崇拜对象,官方大多容忍各种宗教。到了公元40年,基督教在罗马已经成为一股重要力量。尽管教会最初如何在罗马建立仍不明确,但许多人相信它始于那些曾到耶路撒冷朝圣并带回福音的犹太人。甚至有人认为早在五旬节时,福音就已传入罗马。

当时的基督徒并未聚集在一个统一的会众之中,而是分散在多个家庭教会中聚会敬拜,例如保罗在《罗马书》16:3-5中提到的百基拉和亚居拉。据信,早期教会主要由犹太基督徒领导。然而在公元49至54年期间,罗马皇帝克劳狄乌斯(公元前10年8月1日-公元54年10月13日)将犹太人驱逐出罗马。在这五年中,教会的领导权转由外邦基督徒接手。等到犹太基督徒被允许返回时,他们发现教会已大不如前。于是,双方产生矛盾,犹太基督徒试图在日常基督徒生活中重新融入旧约律法,例如割礼的实践。为此,保罗在《罗马书》中花费大量篇幅阐述犹太人与外邦人的关系(罗马书9:1-5, 30-32;11:11-16),以及因信称义与遵守摩西律法的区别(罗马书3:22;4:6-12;5:1)。

除了内部纷争,保罗时代的基督徒也面临严峻的逼迫。《罗马书》写于尼禄皇帝(公元37年12月15日-公元68年6月9日)统治初期。尽管他的统治仅有14年(公元54至68年),却因残酷逼迫基督徒而臭名昭著。这种逼迫起始于罗马大火(公元64年7月18日至23日),大火摧毁了三分之二的城市。许多人认为尼禄是纵火的幕后主谋,为的是拆旧建新、以自己命名新城。然而在政治压力之下,他将责任推给了基督徒。作为惩罚,基督徒被每日点燃,成为照亮尼禄花园的人体火炬;在角斗场中,他们被野兽撕裂。对基督徒的迫害持续恶化,延续至戴克里先皇帝(公元303-311年)时期,耶稣复活之后的250年间,基督徒始终处于被压迫状态。他们遭受讥讽、钉十字架、斩首、酷刑折磨,被野兽撕咬,甚至被火焚烧。使徒约翰被放逐至拔摩海岛;保罗在罗马被斩首;彼得则倒钉十字架。难怪保罗会如此形容使徒的命运:“我想,神把我们使徒明明列在末后,好像定死罪的囚犯,因为我们成了一台戏,给世人和天使观看。”(哥林多前书4:9-10)

在这样极度不人道的环境中,保罗一再安慰罗马的基督徒:“我想现在的苦楚,若比起将来要显于我们的荣耀,就不足介意了。”(罗马书8:18)尽管耶稣不在肉身中与他们同在,保罗仍鼓励信徒:“况且我们的软弱有圣灵帮助,我们本不晓得当怎样祷告,只是圣灵亲自用说不出来的叹息替我们祷告。”(罗马书8:26)尽管他们每日生活困苦,保罗指出,苦难对那些忠于神的人而言,可以成为助力而非阻力:“我们晓得万事都互相效力,叫爱神的人得益处,就是按祂旨意被召的人。”(罗马书8:28)最终,保罗以一连串反问句结束劝勉,表达他对基督的坚定之爱:“谁能使我们与基督的爱隔绝呢?难道是患难吗?是困苦吗?是逼迫吗?是饥饿吗?是赤身露体吗?是危险吗?是刀剑吗?……然而靠着爱我们的主,在这一切的事上,已经得胜有余了。”(罗马书8:35, 37)

两千年过去了,耶稣升天之后,世界在新冠疫情爆发三年后迅速改变。我们是否还能如此勇敢、自信地宣告:谁能使我们与基督的爱隔绝呢?是社交媒体?思维模式的转变?信息爆炸?人工智能?经济困境或繁荣?健康问题?人际关系?亲人?战争与战争的谣言?

参考资料

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/rome.htm

https://ahnsahnghong.com/en/church-of-god/persecution-in-the-roman-empire/

https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-47/apostle-paul-and-his-times-christian-history-timeline.html

https://earlychurchhistory.org/politics/tacitus-on-christians/

https://www.learnreligions.com/the-early-church-at-rome-363409

https://bsg.tjc.org/tjc_bsg_guide/romans/?type=intro

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Can I Go To Any Church?

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罗马书第10章: 你将在哪里传福音?

罗马书第10章: 你将在哪里传福音?

当保罗写罗马书10章时,很可能心中挂念着许多的人。 一些研究估计,保罗是在第三次宣教旅程中写的这卷书。他是写给住在罗马的基督徒,希望最终能亲自拜访他们。 第三次宣教旅程自然意味着他之前也经历过第一次和第二次。事实上,确实如此。 不像我们教会今天的宣教旅程通常只限于一个国家,保罗的旅程遍布小亚细亚地区。所以,他访问了许多城市,牧养了数百甚至可能上千的信徒。 保罗对这些相识过的基督徒心怀真诚,也为他们采取了许多实际行动。 保罗曾写道,他切切地想念着腓立比的弟兄姊妹(腓立比书1:8-9)。他也写信给帖撒罗尼迦教会说:“我们即是这样爱你们,不但愿意将 神的福音给你们,连自己的性命也愿意给你们,因你们是我们所疼爱的。弟兄们,你们记念我们的辛苦劳碌,昼夜做工。。。”(帖前 2:8-9) 此外,他明确提到自己为哥林多、腓立比、歌罗西、帖撒罗尼迦的教会祷告(林后13:7;腓1:9;歌1:9;帖后1:11)。 保罗知道神呼召他作“外邦人的使徒”(罗11:13),他也以身作则,成为我们效法的好牧者。 但这还不是全部。 他心中的渴望,仍然是让更多人认识我们的神。 在罗马书10:1,保罗写道:“弟兄们,我心里所愿的,向神所求的,是要以色列人得救。” 这实在令人感动,尤其是因为之前保罗曾尝试向犹太人传福音,但被神引导转向外邦人。 他所做的远超许多人在传福音时可能会考虑的努力。 然而,看到犹太人得救的热情,依然驱使着他。 这让我想到我们的会众对传福音的心。我们有多常将神对人类的爱转化为行动,传扬祂的话语?我们有多渴望看到更多的灵魂得救? 还是说,我们一开始就对自己的得救感到漠不关心? 对于那些渴望传福音,但觉得他人反应不佳而感到无助的人,我们可以用保罗的眼光重新振奋信心。他看到了主的能力和祂的个人努力。 “又有以赛亚放胆说: “至于以色列人,他说: 在神的救赎计划中,祂希望拯救全人类(约3:16)。 保罗看到了通过信仰那唯一真神——耶稣基督,种族和民族都能合而为一的团结。他也看到并被跟随基督、顺服神的义的祝福所激励(罗10:3)。 我们的文化偏见是否渗透到我们的福音工作中,以至于只愿与某些族裔、民族、部落或国家的人分享福音? 我们是否忘记了神的良善、祂呼召的盼望,以及祂在福音中所赐的救恩大能? 在基督里,没有中国人、新加坡人、印度人、缅甸人、伊拉克人、奥地利人、芬兰人、阿尔冈金人、毛利人、加纳人等的区别。。。 今年,你的福音工作将从哪里开始呢?

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